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Learning has never been so easy!
Detailed guide on converting a physical SCO OpenServer installation to a virtual environment.
10 Steps total
Step 1: Gathering Software and Downloads
We are going to need the following:
G4U - Unix disk imaging software
*You’ll want to burn this to some bootable media, likely a CD or Floppy depending on your server configuration*
WinImage - Creating virtual floppy disk files
FTP Server - For G4U image creation and deployment
*If you do not have an existing FTP server on your network that you want to use, I suggest downloading Xlight FTP which will turn your PC into an FTP Server temporarily*
SCO Install CD
*Make sure to pick the one for your version, this document will reference SCO 5.0.7 exclusively because that is what I worked with, but it may work for other versions as well*
SCO BusLogic Drivers - I used blc_3.05.1.btld
Step 2: Getting Licensing Information
Before we shutdown our SCO box to image it we want to grab some licensing information from it.
Login as root and run the following command:
*grep IQM_SERIAL_NUMBER /var/adm/ISL/iqm_file*
This will give you the license number for your SCO install.
Now run:
*grep IQM_ACTIVATION_KEY /var/adm/ISL/iqm_file*
This will give you the License Code for your SCO install.
Save these somewhere; we will need them later.
Step 3: Booting G4U
Now we’re ready to shutdown our SCO server, hopefully for good.
Once the server has shutdown successfully. Insert the G4U boot media and boot.
If need be, make sure you select the G4U boot media from the boot options to avoid booting SCO again.
Once the boot completes, you should get a prompt (“g4u>”)
At this point, we need to deal with network configurations.
If the server gets a DHCP address, you can skip ahead to step 4. If not we will need to perform the following steps to set a static ip address.
1. Run ifconfig -a and take note of the network adapter name
2. Now we can set the static addressRun: ifconfig adapter_nameip_address netmask netmaskEx: ifconfig lan0 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0
3. And lastly, we will set the default gatewayRun: default route add Gateway_IPEx: default route add 192.168.1.1
We are now ready to image the machine.
Step 4: Imaging the machine
There are two different commands to run depending on whether your server has an IDE or SCSI Drive
For SCSI Drives run the following:
uploaddisk *ftp_user@server_ip filename.gz* sd0
Ex: uploaddisk [email protected] sco_machine_image.gz sd0
Ex: uploaddisk [email protected] sco_machine_image.gz sd0
For an IDE Drive the concept is the same with a different drive identifier:
uploaddisk *ftp_user@server_ipfilename.gz* wd0
Ex: uploaddisk [email protected] sco_machine_image.gz wd0
Ex: uploaddisk [email protected] sco_machine_image.gz wd0
This command also assumes the simplest of drive setups such that you have one drive. If you have multiple drives along with raid configurations, you will have to do further research on how to use G4U to get your image.
This will now start the process of copying the exact geometry of your server’s disk to a file on your FTP server. This may take some time, varying by drive size. For reference, I had a 36 GB drive and it took about an hour. Also, now is a good time to double check the format type on your FTP server, if it is FAT32 you may run into problems trying to store a file larger than 2GB.
When the G4U image process finishes, you can shutdown the server.
As soon as the G4U image process finishes you may also want to go ahead to Step 9 (after completing Step 5) so you do not waste time for the image restore.
*Note: You should try to leave the SCO Server shutdown for the entirety of this process after this point in order to avoid any licensing issues that might occur. I have not had any problems with this but it has been reported to happen.*
Step 5: Virtual Machine Prep
While G4U chugs on making the image of your server, we can do some prep work for the virtual machines we will need. I say machines, because we will be creating two virtual machines.
Create two virtual machines with the following settings:
Guest Operating System - Other - SCO OpenServer 5 (legacy)
1 Virtual Socket
1 Core
Memory 256 MB
Select a memory allocation based on your existing setup or add more memory. I picked 256 because that is what my physical server had.
Flexible Network Adapter SCSI Controller: BusLogic Parallel
I named the servers SCO_P2V_Temp and SCO_P2V
SCO_P2V will be what I refer to as the final resting place for our P2V conversion
SCO_P2V_Temp will be what I use to facilitate the conversion process.
I will be referring to these by name as we proceed.
Step 6: Using SCO_P2V_Temp
Now because of the nature of this conversion, when we eventually move the G4U image onto the SCO_P2V machine, we will likely encounter boot errors due to the change in hardware. To remediate this, we will be using this SCO_P2V_Temp virtual machine to get an emergency floppy disk that will allow us to boot the G4U image correctly.
To begin, we now want to do a fresh install of SCO onto the SCO_P2V_Temp machine.
To start this process, mount the SCO install image we downloaded earlier to the SCO_P2V_Temp machine.
Additionally, you will want to mount SCO BusLogic drivers we downloaded as a floppy disk. In order for this to work, you will need to rename the “.img” extension on the file to “.flp”
Once this is complete, boot the machine from the CD.
If you booted from the CD correctly, you should be met with a “boot:” prompt.
At the prompt type: link
At the prompt that follows type: blc
This will load the drivers that allow the virtual machine’s hard drive to be recognized.
At this point, you should be prompted to hit enter to begin the installation of SCO Unix.
From here follow the prompts.
You will eventually be met with a request for licensing information. This is where you will input the licensing information we copied from the physical SCO server earlier.
Once this is complete, you can continue following the install prompts.
*Pro Tip: When at the final screen, if you want a fast install press space on the installation instruction detailing the whole use of the hard drive for unix and turn off bad sector checking. If you do not your install will take much longer.*
You should now be installing SCO.
Step 7: Floppy Image Creation
While we wait for SCO to install and for G4U to finish up, we will create the floppy disk file we will need to create the emergency boot floppy.
It is at this point that we will navigate over to WinImage.
Open up the program and go to: File->New
From the format selections, pick the 2.88MB option under the Standard Format heading
Once this is done, go to: File->Save As
We need to make sure the file saves with the proper extension so, pick Save as Type: Virtual Floppy Image (*.vfd, *.flp) and select a name for the disk.
Once this is done, you can upload the .flp file to your ESXi server for use later.
Step 8: Emergency Boot Floppy Creation
Once SCO finishes installing on SCO_P2V_Temp, shutdown the server and unlink the SCO install cd and the blc floppy image and subsequently link the floppy image we just made in WinImage.
Next boot the SCO_P2V_Temp machine back up and boot into SCO
When the machine comes up, login as root and follow these steps:
Run: scoadmin
Navigate down and enter the list Filesystems
Once in Filesystems, go to Floppy Filesystem Manager
Select option 2
Select option 3
Select option 2
and finally,
Select option 1
At this point, it should now ask you to insert a floppy disk. Because we have already linked our floppy image, we should be able to just hit enter to begin the process.
If it does not work, double check the floppy is mounted.
This will install a boot floppy image on the 2.88 MB floppy image file we created and mounted.
Once completed, you can head back to the console and turn off this virtual machine if you would like. You may also want to create a copy of the 2.88 emergency boot floppy file we just created for safe keeping.
If your G4U image creation process is not yet done at this point, grab some coffee (or tea).
Step 9: Restoring G4U Image
Now that you have the G4U image on your FTP Server, we want to restore it to the virtual machine (named SCO_P2V)
Link a G4U boot image to the SCO_P2V machine and boot into G4U. If you need to assign a static ip address to this machine, please refer back to the instructions in step 3
Once you’re connected to the network, run the following command
slurpdisk ftp_user@ip_address *filename.gz* sd0
This will pull the image from the FTP server and install it on the virtual machine’s hard drive.
At this point, you can either head back up to some of the steps from above if you jumped here once your G4U image creation completed, or do something else until the image restore is complete.
Step 10: Booting SCO Image on SCO_P2V
Once the G4U image restoration is done, and you go to boot the SCO image, you will likely be met with an error message that says “Failure to boot stage 1 error”
This is expected because the image does not know where anything is on the new hardware.
This is why we created that emergency boot floppy earlier from the SCO_P2V_Temp install.
At this point you will want to go ahead and mount the emergency floppy image to the SCO_P2V machine and boot the floppy.
You should now be presented once again with a “boot:” prompt.
From here you will want to type: unix.Z root=hd(42)
If all has gone well up to this point, the SCO server you have been trying to virtualize should begin to boot. If you get any errors about information being on the swap partition, you can type n at the first prompt which asks if you want to save the dump, and y at the second prompt which will clear the dump information from the swap partition.
Now as the SCO restoration image boots, you will want to catch the maintenance mode segment of the boot.
When asked if you want to boot into maintenance mode, enter the root password. (remember this is the root password from your physical SCO machine, not the root password on SCO_P2V_Temp)
You should now be at a console screen, and from here we are going to go through the process of correcting the boot information.
To do begin this process run: vi /etc/conf/cf.d/mscsi
In this file we’re going to place some settings so we can recognize the virtual hard drive via the BusLogic controller
Scroll down towards the bottom and you’ll see information regarding scsi devices.
1. First go through and comment out all the existing lines. Note that a comment in this file is the * (asterix)
2. Now add a new line above the first entry.
3. Enter the following information
1. blc
2. [Tab]
3. Sdsk
4. [Tab]
5. 0
6. [Tab]
7. 0
8. [Tab]
9. 0
10. [Tab]
11. 0
2. Now add a new line above the first entry.
3. Enter the following information
1. blc
2. [Tab]
3. Sdsk
4. [Tab]
5. 0
6. [Tab]
7. 0
8. [Tab]
9. 0
10. [Tab]
11. 0
4. Now create a second drive below this for your CD drive
1. wd
2. [Tab]
3. Srom
4. [Tab]
5. 1
6. [Tab]
7. 0
8. [Tab]
9. 0
10. [Tab]
11. 0
1. wd
2. [Tab]
3. Srom
4. [Tab]
5. 1
6. [Tab]
7. 0
8. [Tab]
9. 0
10. [Tab]
11. 0
5. It is more likely than not that you will already have an entry identical to this one for your CD drive, but it does not hurt to double check. You might also have entries for a tape drive that was attached to your physical server. Since the virtual machine will not have a tape drive, we want to comment out that line as well.
6. Once that is done, save the file.
6. Once that is done, save the file.
Now we want to install blc drivers onto the hard drive
1. Mount the blc driver .flp file that we put on the ESXi host earlier (blc_3.05.1.btld.flp
1. Note it is safe to unmount the boot floppy we had mounted previously because we are no longer running off that floppy
1. Note it is safe to unmount the boot floppy we had mounted previously because we are no longer running off that floppy
2. Once that floppy has been mounted to the virtual machine
3. Type: mount -r /dev/fd0 /mnt
4. Provided the mount is successful, type: btldinstall /mnt
5. Type: blc at the prompt
6. Say yes to replace the driver
7. Say yes to rebuild kernel
3. Type: mount -r /dev/fd0 /mnt
4. Provided the mount is successful, type: btldinstall /mnt
5. Type: blc at the prompt
6. Say yes to replace the driver
7. Say yes to rebuild kernel
Now we need to make sure the boot file is correct.
Run: vi /etc/default/boot
In this file, there should be a line that reads
DEFBOOTSTR=hd(40)unix swap=hd(41) dump=hd(41) root=hd(42)
DEFBOOTSTR=hd(40)unix swap=hd(41) dump=hd(41) root=hd(42)
Make sure this is present and correct and save the file.
At this point, there have been some reports of people being able to successfully boot without any further alterations. I was not that fortunate.
To get the SCO image to finally boot correctly I had to detect/adjust disk geometry properties.
To do so:
Run: cd /dev
Run: echo 17a/h 10 | _fst -w rhd00 -
Run: dparam rhd00 `dparam rhd00`
Run: echo 17a/h 10 | _fst -w rhd00 -
Run: dparam rhd00 `dparam rhd00`
Now, you can shutdown the virtual machine, unmount and media and boot.
If all went well, you should be able to boot the machine from the hard drive without issue, and the last thing you will need to do is use scoadmin to change the network adapter and relink the kernel.
References
- migrate unix to vmware
- SCO Unix 5.0.4.on VMWARE: a successful P2V story
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